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Birds of Danish SPA's

Introduction to species accounts

Species included here are:

1. Appendix 1 species which have bred in one or more SPAs 1979-98
2. All other migrant birds which have occurred in internationally important in one or more SPAs 1979-98.1 

For every species, the following information is included:

Species name
Under this heading the scientific, Danish, and English common names are given.

Red-list and SPEC status DK/Europe/World
DK: According to the Danish red list "Rødliste 1997" (Stoltze and Pihl 1998) and yellow list "Gulliste 1997" (Stoltze 1998).

The 1997 Yellow List is a list of plant and animal species which are decreasing in Denmark, yet still occurring in numbers which are high enough for them not to be included in the 1997 Red List (Stoltze and Pihl 1998), as well as a list of species for which Denmark has a special international responsibility whether they are included in the 1997 Red List or not. Thus, the 1997 Yellow List, covering species which require special attention or are of national responsibility, is closely connected to the Red List. There are three categories in the Yellow List:

• X (species requiring special attention) is used for declining species not yet rare enough to merit inclusion in the Red List
• AY are species of national responsibility while breeding
• AT are species of national responsibility during migration or in winter

Europe: European status (status in brackets means provisional status) and SPEC category according to Tucker and Heath (1994).

The SPEC categories are (from Tucker and Heath 1994):

• SPEC 1 are species occurring in Europe which are of global conservation concern (threatened, conservation dependent or data deficient)
• SPEC 2 are species which are concentrated in Europe and have an unfavourable (i.e. Endangered, Vulnerable, Rare, Declining, Localized or Insufficiently Known) conser vation status
• SPEC 3 are species which are not concentrated in Europe but have an unfavourable (i.e. Endangered, Vulnerable, Rare, Declining, Localized or Insufficiently Known) conservation status
• SPEC 4 are species which are concentrated in Europe but have a favourable conservat ion status

World: Status according to 1996 IUCN Red List of Threatened Animals (IUCN 1996).

Annexes: The annexes of the Directive on which the species is listed.

General ecology and habitat requirements

Very short description of breeding and/or foraging and roosting habitat.

Occurrence in Denmark

States whether the species occurs as resident, breeding visitor, passage visitor or winter visitor in Denmark.

Trends in Danish population - long-term and 1983-1998

(Breeding birds only).
Development in Danish population this and if possible last century and more detailed for the period since designation of the Danish SPAs. Major threats towards the population(s) also included here.

Trends for relevant populations overall and in Denmark

(Non-breeding birds only).
Overall conservation status for populations utilizing Denmark and development in Danish staging numbers since the designation of the Danish SPAs. Major threats towards the population(s) also included here.

Significance of the Danish population

Size of Danish population in relation to European total. European totals are mainly from Hagemeijer and Blair (1997). The totals given here are the sum of "Europe" and "Russia" as given in Hagemeijer and Blair (1997) excluding Turkey.

Population trend within Danish SPAs and SPA coverage

Included here is a table with data on population within individual SPAs at designation (invariably labelled 1983 in the table though most counts are actually from 1978-1980) and the newest data available from each site. The table is based on data reported to the European Commission in 1983 in conjunction with the designation of the Danish SPAs and data reported to the Commission in 1999 in the NATURA 2000 standard data form. The data reported 1999 are based on a variety of sources, many of which are additional to those in the literature list for this report. The most important additional sources are the many reports from the NERI ecological field stations, the DOF/BirdLife Denmark County reports with results from the 1993-96 bird locality registration project and a wealth of personal comments from a large number of people with first hand knowledge of the various sites.

The column NDY gives the year of the most recent data. Min. and max. BP gives the minimum and maximum for breeding population of the site. NSB is number of staging birds at the site.

The minimum and maximum for breeding pairs both at designation and presently are summed. The resulting totals are to be regarded as rough estimates rather than exact data. As not all areas are counted at the same years pairs changing from site to site may lead to both over and under estimates of total population within SPAs.

Numbers of staging birds are not summed, as the data are not from simultaneous counts.

The coverage (in %) is the fraction of the total Danish population occurring within SPAs. For staging birds the coverage is only given as high (all or nearly all important staging areas are SPAs), intermediate (most important staging areas are SPAs, but some are not) or low (many important sites are not SPAs).

¹ A few additional species occurring in internationally important numbers in Denmark are not in included here: Gavia stellata, Gavia arctica, Podiceps grisegena, Uria aalge, Alca torda, Cepphus grylle grylle and Alle alle. These species mainly occur in offshore waters not included in the SPA network.
Likewise not included here are Appendix 1 species only occurring as non-breeding visitors in low densities: Falco peregrinus and Aquila chrysaetos (one pair bred successfully 1999 within SPA no. 7, this is only Danish breeding record). Both these species, though, mainly stage in SPAs in Denmark.
Lastly three rare and irregular breeding Appendix 1 species are not included as data regarding their numbers and distribution are to scanty: Ciconia nigra, Pandion haliaetus and Ficedula parva.

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